A 52-5 Ākhyātaratnakośa

Manuscript culture infobox

Filmed in: A 52/5
Title: Ākhyātaratnakośa
Dimensions: 30 x 5 cm x 23 folios
Material: palm-leaf
Condition:
Scripts: Newari
Languages: Sanskrit
Subjects: Vyākaraṇa
Date:
Acc No.: NAK 1/1152
Remarks:

Reel No. A 52-5

Inventory No. 2011

Title Ākhyātaratnakoṣa

Author Pūrṇacandra?

Subject Vyākaraṇa

Language Sanskrit

Text Features teaches the Sanskrit verbal system according to the Cāndra system of grammar, includes two more fols. of another MS of a similar, maybe the same text

Manuscript Details

Script Newari

Material palm-leaf

State incomplete

Size 30,0 x 5,0 cm

Binding Hole rectangular, somewhat to the left

Folios 22+2

Lines per Folio 5

Foliation letters in the middle of the left-hand margin and figures in the middle of the right-hand margin of the verso

Place of Deposit NAK

Accession No. 1/1152

Manuscript Features

As the introductory verse,

dhātupārāyaṇaṃ samyak nirūpya vyavahāriṇāṃ |
koṣa ākhyātaratnānāṃ svābhogāya kariṣyate ||

indicates, this text is concerned with teaching the verbal system of the Sanskrit language. It is drawing on the Sūtra, vṛtti and the Dhātupāṭha of the Cāndra system of grammar, abounding in citations of portions from these three texts. The main body of the MS, however, enumerates and exemplifies a great deal of roots, but not all, from the Dhātupāṭha, giving the individual forms arising after the substitution of the lakāras such as laṭ, luṭ, liṭ etc. has taken place. After some introductory remarks, the text goes on expounding Dhātupāṭha Sūtra 1.1, giving lots of individual verb forms of the root bhū and even whole sentences as examples. The next root to be explained is nind (1.23). On the last extant folio (22v), the root sañj (1.299) is commented upon.

As to the author of the text, once again the introductory verse could be of some help. It seems to hint to a text called Dhātupārāyaṇa by Pūrṇacandra (10th c.), which is a commentary on the Dhātupāṭha of the Cāndra system. It might be supposed, now, that it was the same Pūrṇacandra who compiled this koṣa after his Dhātupārāyaṇa. The Ākhyātaratnakoṣa, however, comments only on some verbs from the Dhātupāṭha, which the author considers to be the "jewels of verbs".

(exp. 27 below:)
oṃ || adhikāratvena vidhiparaḥ kriyārthād bahulaṃ karttari tyeṣv (!) adhikāratvenety anuvarttamāne kāle varttamānāt kriyārthāl laṭparo bhati (!) || ṭakāra ṭittaṅām e⟪..⟫d<ref name="ftn1">^{Cf. Cāndra Sūtra 1.4.15.}</ref> iti /// (2) lakārād akāram apakṛṣya akāro vido laṭo veti<ref name="ftn2">^{Cāndra Sūtra 1.4.12.}</ref> cihnārthaḥ || tato las tip tas jhi sip thas tha mip vas mas tātāṃ jha thās āthāṃ dhvam iḍ vahi mahiṅ<ref name="ftn3">^{Cāndra Sūtra 1.4.1.}</ref> ity ete tibā/// (3)śā lakārasthāne vidhīyante || tatra yuṣmadi madhyamatrayam<ref name="ftn4">^{Cāndra Sūtra 1.4.146.} </ref> asma〇dy uttama-trayaṃ<ref name="ftn5">^{Cf. Cāndra Sūtra 1.4.147.}</ref> | ekadvibahuṣv<ref name="ftn6">^{Cāndra Sūtra 1.4.148.}</ref> ity anuvarttamāne sāmarthyāc cheṣe prathamatrayam bhavati || kaḥ /// (4) tip tas jhīti prathama tatraikasminn arthaikavacanan tip dvayor artha〇yor dvivacanan tas | bahuṣv artheṣu bahuvacanam jhi || jhi aiṣām (!) iti prathama yudi (!) madhya⁅m⁆/// (5) yuṣmadi kārake prayujyamāne madhyamatrayaṃ bhavati || kaḥ puna〇r madhyama sip thas tha iti madhyama tatraikasminn arthaikavacanaṃ sip dvayor arthayo/// (6) bahuṣv artheṣu bahuvacanaṃ thātha eṣām iti madhyama asmady uttam (!) ity asmadi kārake prayujyamāna uttamatrayaṃ bhavati kaḥ punar uttama mip vas mas iti /// (fol. 1v1–6)

Interestingly, there is an additional fol. in MS A 53/4, which incorporates both the beginning of the Ākhyātaratnakoṣa and the beginning portion (but only parts of it) of the above fragment, which favours the idea that both sections belong to one and the same text.

oṃ || nikṛṣṭakālopahato ʼpi sajjanaḥ |
parasya doṣaṃ na tanoti sāmprataṃ |
karoty avajñān na kadāpi jantuṣu |
namo ʼstu tasmai guṇayakṣapātine ||

A short description of this MS is to be found in BSP vol. VI, p. 7, no. 20.

Excerpts

Beginning

❖ oṃ namaḥ sarvvajñāya ||

dhātupārāyaṇaṃ samyak nirūpya vyavahāriṇāṃ |
koṣa ākhyātaratnānāṃ svābhogāya kariṣyate ||

lakārāḥ khalu karttari bhāve vyāpye ca vidhīyante (2) | karttari tāvat karttarīty adhikṛtya vidhānāt | karttari śab<ref name="ftn7">^{Cf. Cāndra Sūtra 1.1.82.}</ref> i〇ty atra vā vihitadvāreṇa karttarīti lakārasya viśeṣaṇāt | bhāvāpyayoś ca tiṅśiti yag ali(3)ḍāśīrliṅīty<ref name="ftn8">^{Cf. Cāndra Sūtra 1.1.80.}</ref> atra liḍādipratiṣedhāl liṅgād iti || trividha[[ā]]〇ḥ kriyārthāḥ | daśagaṇaparipaṭhitāḥ | sautrāḥ kāmyajādyantāś ca | trayo py amī dvividhāḥ | sa(4)vyāpyā avyāpyāś ca | tatra savyāpyāt karttari vyāpye ca lakārā 〇 bhavanti || avivakṣitavyāpyatvenārthāntaravṛttyā vā ʼvyāpyatve bhāve pīti | avyāpyāt kartta(5)ri bhāve ca | prādiviśeṣayogāt savyāpyatve karmmaṇy api bhavanti | tatra prathamaṃ bhuvādaya ucyante || bhū sattāyāṃ<ref name="ftn9">^{Cf. Cāndra Dhātupāṭha 1.1.}</ref> || varttamāne laṭ<ref name="ftn10">^{Cf. Cāndra Sūtra 1.2.82.}</ref> |

(fol. 1v1–5)

End

luṭ | vetā | veṣya(2)ti | luṅ | avaiṣīt | yak | vīyate | pravīyate || ○ || ṣañja saṅge<ref name="ftn11">^{Cf. Cāndra Dhātupāṭha 1.299.}</ref> 〇 || aṣṭivuṣvakkādeḥ ṣaḥ sa<ref name="ftn12">^{Cf. Cāndra Sūtra 5.1.61 and Candravṛtti thereon.}</ref> iti satvaṃ | ajdantyaparāḥ sādayaḥ sopadeśāḥ | svadisvi(3)disvañjisvapayaś ca | sṛpisṛjistṝstyāsekṛsṛvarjyaṃ | śa〇pi daṃśasaṃjeś ceti<ref name="ftn13">^{Cf. Cāndra Sūtra 5.3.28.}</ref> nalopaḥ | sajati sajjanena | prasajati | saṃsajati | āsajati | a(4)vasajati | prādīnāṃ susṛsostubhasthāseniṣedhasicasañja〇svañjām<ref name="ftn14">^{Cf. Cāndra Sūtra 6.4.50.}</ref> iti ṣatvaṃ | abhiṣajati | pariṣajati | anuṣajati | num⟨a⟩visarjjanīyasarvya(5)vāya<ref name="ftn15">^{Cf. Cāndra Sūtra 6.4.47.}</ref> iti ṣatvaṃ | niḥṣajati | svādisambandhikriyā viśeṣadyotakānām prādīnāṅ grahaṇāt | lakṣaṇavīpsādivṛttīnām agrahaṇaṃ | te ca lakṣaṇavī(pso)+

(fol. 22v1–5)

Microfilm Details

Reel No. A 52/5

Date of Filming 25-10-70

Exposures 28

Used Copy Berlin

Type of Film negative

Catalogued by OH

Date 26-03-2004

Bibliography

• Cāndra-vyākaraṇa: Die Grammatik des Candragomin. Sūtra, Uṇādi, Dhātupāṭha. Bruno Liebich (ed.), Leipzig 1902.

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