A 54-3 Syādyantakoṣa
Manuscript culture infobox
Filmed in: A 54/3
Title: Syādyantakoṣa
Dimensions: 31.5 x 4.5 cm x 73 folios
Material: palm-leaf
Condition:
Scripts: Newari
Languages: Sanskrit
Subjects: Vyākaraṇa
Date: NS 516
Acc No.: NAK 5/418
Remarks:
Reel No. A 54-3
Inventory No. 74708
Title Syādyantakoṣa
Remarks includes two additional foll. related to this text
Subject Vyākaraṇa
Language Sanskrit
Text Features Treatise on nominal declension in classical Sanskrit, following the Kātantra system of grammar.
Manuscript Details
Script Newari
Material palm-leaf
State complete
Size 31,5 x 4,5 cm
Binding Hole 1; rectangular; somewhat to the left
Folios 74 + 2
Lines per Folio 5–6
Foliation letters in the middle of the left-hand margin and figures in the middle of the right-hand margin of the verso
Scribe Amarendracandra
Date of Copying NS 516
King Dharmamalladeva
Place of Deposit NAK
Accession No. 5/418
Manuscript Features
This MS constitutes a treatise on nominal declension in classical Sanskrit, following the Kātantra system of grammar. It comprises numerous paradigms for masculine, neuter and feminine noun stems, adjectives (termed triliṅga), pronouns (sarva-nāman), and numerals. Nouns and adjectives are arranged alphabetically according to their stem final (svarānta in –a, ā etc., vyañjanānta). Frequently, sūtras of the Kātantra are referred to, explaining the whole process of the formation of the syādyantas<ref name="ftn1">Synonymous with the term subanta in the pāṇinīya and cāndra systems of grammar.</ref>, i.e. words ending in the nominal endings si etc. No mention of the author of this work is made anywhere in this MS.
Incidentally, a number of like texts have been translated into Tibetan. One of those, described in Verhagen 1994<ref name="ftn2">Sub CG 15 pp. 70–72 and 257–61.</ref>, bears extraordinary resemblance to this text, both in terms of its structure and the arrangement of the individual words, which are taught in exactly the same sequence (except those of the section dedicated to the pronouns and numerals). This text, styled Syādyantaprakriyā and attributed to a certain Mañju(śrī)kīrti or Mañjughoṣakīrti, is equally following the Kātantra system and might very well be the translation of the original Sanskrit version preserved on A 54/3.
Appended to this MS, there are yet another two foll., each beginning with the same introductory verse, styling the text Syādilakṣaṇa. The second one (exp. 82) comprises the beginning of the Syādyantakoṣa described here. Thus, the titles Syādyantaprakriyā, Syādilakṣaṇa, and Syādyantakoṣa might possibly refer to one and the same text.
oṃ
sraṣṭāra (!) tam praṇamyādau bravīmi syādilakṣaṇaṃ |
jasya (!) 〇 kaṇṭhe sthitā brāhmī jagadāhlādakāriṇī || ||
śasadharam iva subhraṃ khaḍgapustaṃ⁅gapāṇiṃ |⁆
(2)surasarim atisāntaṃ pañcavīraṃ kumāraṃ
pratita〇ravavakṣaṃ padmapatrāyatākṣiṃ |
kumatidahanadakṣam majughoṣaṃ<ref name="ftn3">I.e. mañjughoṣaṃ.</ref> (!) namāmi || (fol. 1r1–2)
(exp. 82:)
❖ oṃ namaḥ sarasvatyaiḥ (!) ||
sraṣṭāraṃ taṃ praṇamyādau bravīmi syādilakṣaṇaṃ |
yasya kaṇṭhe sthitā brāhmī jagadāhlādakāriṇī ||
viprāgnisakhipatyaṅśukroṣṭu(2)pratibhuvaḥ pitā |
nā praśāstā ca raigoglauḥ svarāntāḥ pu〇si (!) kīrttitāḥ ||
vyañjanāntāḥ kamugbhūbhugmarutkravyānmṛgāvidhaḥ |
ātmā rājā yuvā (3) panthāḥ pūṣabrahmahaṇau śaśī |[|]
viṭ vedhā uśanā ʼnaḍvān madhu〇liṭ kāṣṭhataṭ tathā |
syādyantāḥ syur ime śabdās tathā ʼnye ʼpy anayā diśā ||
tatra tāvad akārā(4)nto vipraśabdas tasya dhātuvibhaktivarjjam arthaval liṅgam<ref name="ftn4">Kātantra 2.1.1.</ref> iti liṅgasaṃjñā | tasmāt parā vibhaktayaḥ<ref name="ftn5">Kātantra 2.1.2 and Durgasiṃhavṛtti thereon.</ref> si au jas | am au śas | ṭā bhyāṃ bhis | ṅe bhyāṃ bhya⁅s⁆ |
(fol. 1v1–4)
Some foll. of the Syādyantakoṣa described here are slightly damaged, of a few others the writing has been partly rubbed off. Foll. 83 and 84 show an additional fol. with some writing exercises, auspicious verses and the like.
Excerpts
Beginning
❖ oṃ namaḥ sarasvatyai ||
yasyāḥ smaraṇadambholitrāsān nāśapayonidhiṃ |
samviśanti viyachelāḥ (!) sā tan(tr)avyantatāriṇī ||
astaivasadbhir yadi nāma sṛṣṭaḥ (2) syādyantakoṣo bahuśas tathāpi |
sṛṣṭo mayābhya〇rthanayā samāsāt tatsāram ādāya kariṣyate yaṃ ||
matikumudinimodan(v)an svacetas ta(3)miśra-
drutam apaśaratṛptiṃ yāti vidvaccakorā〇ḥ ||
iha hi mitagatas (tr)ir vvāgmayāḥ bho dhijanmā-
kṣatasakalakalaṅkaḥ ko py asāv a(4)bhyudeti ||
rūḍhiśabdā nigadyante puṃsi sa(ṇṭe)<ref name="ftn6">A word meaning 'neuter gender' in the locative is to be expected, cf. ṣaṇḍha.</ref> stri〇yām api |
guṇadravyakriyāyogās triṅgās<ref name="ftn7">Conjecture: triliṅgās, i.e. adjectives.</ref> tadanantaraṃ || ||
viprāgnisakhipatyaṃ⁅śu⁆(5)kroṣṭupratibhuvaḥ pitā |
nā praśāstā ca raigoglau svarāntā puṃsi prakīrttitāḥ ||
vyañjanāntāḥ kamubhebhugmarūtkravyādmṛgāvidhaḥ<ref name="ftn8">The words referred to here and taught later on are: kamuc, bhūbhuj, marut, kravyād, and mṛgāvidh.</ref> (!) |
ātmā rājā ⁅yuvā pa..⁆ (fol. 2r1) pūṣabrahmahaṇo (!) śaśī |
viṭ vedhā uśanānaḍvān madhuliṭ kāṣṭhataṭ tathā |
syādyantāḥ syur ime śabdās tathānye py anayā diśā<ref name="ftn9">For this and the two previous verses cf. the extracts of exposure 82 given in "Manuscript Features". </ref> || ||
(fol. 1v1–2r1)
Extracts
uktā (3) puṃsi svarāntā vyañjanāntā ucyante || || tatra kavargā〇ntā aprasiddhāḥ | cāntaḥ kamucchabdaḥ kaṃ muñcatīti kvip ceti<ref name="ftn10">Kātantra 4.3.68 and Pāṇ. 3.2.76.</ref> kvip || (fol. 13r2–3)
uktāḥ puṃsi svarāntā vyañjanāntāś ca saviśeṣāḥ || || puṃlliṅgaprakaraṇam
prathamaḥ samā(5)pteti || ❁ || idānīn napunsakaliṅgā ucyante || ❁ || (fol. 21v4–5)
vyañjanāntā ucyante || (fol. 24r1)
napuṃsakaprakaraṇaṃ samāptaṃ || || uktā saviśeṣā ⁅napuṃ⁆ + + + (2)ṅgā ||
idānīṃ strīliṅgā ucyante || || (fol. 26v1–2)
uktāḥ striyāṃ svarāntaḥ || vyañjanāntā ucyaṃte || (fol. 34r2)
strīliṅgaprakaraṇaṃ samāptaḥ || 〇 || ○ || uktāḥ striyā (!) svarāntāḥ vyañjanāntāś ca saviśeṣāḥ || || idānīn triliṅgā u(3)cyante || || (fol. 37v2–3)
uktāḥ svarāntāḥ || idānī (!) (2) vyañjanāntā ucyaṃte || || (fol. 44r1–2)
uktāḥ triyāṃ (!) vyañjanāntā saviśeṣāḥ (4) idānīṃ sarvvanāmāny ucyante || || (fol. 60r3–4)
saṃkhyāvācakāḥ kathyante || || (fol. 68v3)
End
-dhā | dvividhā | trividhā || daśavidhā | śatavidhā || sahasravidhā | dvitayaḥ | tritayaḥ || caturathayaḥ || pañcādi dṛśyante || apara (!) py ekako (!) pāṭhavyaṃ || ○ || saṃkhyāyā vā(2)cako liṅga saṃkhepata (!) samāpta || ❁ || śreyo ʼstu || 〇
(fol. 74r1–2)
Colophon
samvat 516 ākhā(ḍha)śuklapratipadyāyā (!) tithau buddhavāsare purnavasunakṣatre<ref name="ftn11">For punarvasu.</ref> || juva(3)rājaśrīśrīdharmamalladevasya vijayarājyasamaye || 〇 śrīvyanāpyānā[[ma]]deśanagnapatanavare ||| brahmakulendravipraśrī-jivasarmaṇasya (!) ya(4)thābhilikhitaṃ manorathaṃ pustakam idaṃ sapūrṇṇam (!) astu || 〇 viprendraśrījīvasarmeṇa satvārthapratihetunāṃ | anena puṇyamārggena nīpatan (!) sarvva(5)sukhāspadaṃ || likhitaḥ śrī amarendracandreṇa | subham a〇stu sarvvajagatāṃ || ❁ ||
(fol. 74r2–5)
Microfilm Details
Reel No. A 54/3
Date of Filming 26-10-70
Exposures 85
Used Copy Berlin
Type of Film negative
Remarks exps. 5/6; 58/59; and 74/75 respectively show the same foll.
Catalogued by OH
Date 11-05-2004
Bibliography
- A history of Sanskrit grammatical literature in Tibet (vol. I); Pieter C. Verhagen; Leiden 1994.
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